Where is jacques cartier from

And the evil continued its ravages; 25 persons, all told, eventually died. Cartier and his men went in a procession to pray before an image of the Virgin, and Cartier promised to make a pilgrimage to Roc-Amadour. At last, by skilfully questioning Domagaya, who had had scurvy, Cartier learned the secret of the remedy: an infusion made from annedda white cedar.

The crew was quickly cured. Cartier was eager to use his contacts with the natives to increase his knowledge. He is the first person to give us information on the religion and customs of the St. Lawrence valley Indians. All the wonderful stories that he heard about the fabulous kingdom of Saguenay, the legend of which was perhaps a relic of Norse traditions unless the Mississippi basin was meant , were recorded by Cartier. This continent was already extremely rich in surprises! When spring came they prepared to return to France.

As his crew was not large enough, Cartier abandoned the Petite Hermine. Her remains were thought to have been found in and one portion was deposited with the Quebec Literary and Historical Society, the other being sent to Saint-Malo. But, as N. Dionne has written, it has never been proved that this wreckage was that of the Petite Hermine. Before leaving, Cartier wanted to strengthen the position of the French; the ethnic, linguistic, and political unity of the Laurentian valley already gave them an advantage, which was however endangered by the conduct of Donnacona and of his two sons.

Cartier learned that a rival, Agona, was aspiring to power. A plan for a revolution became clear: to eliminate the ruling party on behalf of Agona. Cartier cunningly took advantage of a religious ceremony — the erection of a cross on the festival on 3 May — to capture Donnacona, the interpreters, and a few other natives. He appeased the crowd by promising to bring back Donnacona in 10 or 12 months, with lavish presents from the king.

On 6 May he left Sainte-Croix with his two ships and about ten Iroquois, including four children who had been given to him the previous autumn. In his cargo were a dozen pieces of gold and some furs. On 16 July he arrived back in Saint-Malo, after an absence of 14 months. This second voyage had been much more profitable than the first: Cartier had discovered a river by means of which one could penetrate deeply into the continent; he had opened up a new access route to the gulf; he had seen the natural resources of the St.

Lawrence and had got to know its inhabitants; he had returned with an old chieftain who boasted of having visited the fabulously wealthy country of the Saguenay; and he had gold. The king enthusiastically gave him the Grande Hermine. However, the Saint-Malo navigator could not resume his explorations immediately. What became of Cartier? Lanctot ascribes to him a memoir of , which outlines a colonization plan, but there is no documentary proof to lend support to this argument.

Similarly Lanctot has attempted to forge a dramatic link between Cartier and the escape of the Irish rebel Gerald Fitzgerald, who styled himself a king. It was not until 17 Oct. On 15 Jan. Lanctot has argued that Cartier remained on an equal footing with Roberval, the one concerned with colonization, the other with navigation.

Cartier was ready in May , but Roberval had not yet received his artillery. A Spanish spy put the crew at 1, men. None of the Iroquois whom he had brought to France in returned to Canada; they had all died, except for a little girl.

On 23 Aug. The Indians received him with numerous demonstrations of joy. The friendly relations nonetheless did not last. The abandonment of the Sainte-Croix site can no doubt be explained by this mutual distrust.

They were the first two Europeans to become pupils of the natives. The Indians proved to be affable, as they were in , but Cartier had no interpreters. He made no progress in his knowledge of the hinterland, but persisted in his hypothesis of Even the chieftain of Achelacy abandoned him. The French made ready to defend themselves. As the account of this voyage breaks off suddenly, we do not know exactly what happened during the winter season.

We may infer from one sentence in this account that there was some scurvy, readily overcome thanks to the infusion of white cedar; according to some testimonies, the natives kept the settlement in a state of siege and boasted of having killed more than 35 Frenchmen. Cartier struck camp in June At the port of St. Believing that he was carrying gold and diamonds with him, or not wanting to face the natives again, Cartier headed for France under cover of darkness, thus depriving Roberval of manpower and of precious experience.

An hypothesis has been advanced according to which a meeting between Rabelais and the explorer furnished some material for Pantagruel. This hypothesis has received less and less credence, and the last critic to mention it, Bernard G.

Hoffman, does not accept it at all. From this time on, Cartier apparently concentrated upon business and upon the exploitation of his estate of Limoilou. He acted as godfather, or served as a witness at court on various occasions. Against the advice of chief Donnacona, Jacques Cartier decided to continue sailing up the river towards Hochelaga , now the city of Montreal.

Cartier reached Hochelaga on 2 October There he met other Iroquoian people, who tantalized Cartier with the prospect of a sea in the middle of the country. By the time Cartier returned to Stadacona Quebec , relations with the Indigenous people there had deteriorated. When spring came, the French decided to return to Europe.

This time, Cartier abducted chief Donnacona himself, the two sons, and seven other Iroquoian people. The French never returned Donnacona and his people to North America. See also Enslavement of Indigenous People in Canada. The war in Europe led to a delay in returning to Canada. In addition, the plans for the voyage were changed. This expedition was to include close to people and involve a major attempt to colonize the region.

Roberval was a senior military officer who was responsible for recruitment, loading weapons onto the ships, and bringing on craftsmen and a number of prisoners. Just as the expedition was to begin, delays in the preparations and the vagaries of the war with Spain meant that only half the personnel led by Cartier were sent to Canada in May by Roberval.

Roberval eventually came the following year. Cartier and his men settled the new colony several kilometres upstream from Quebec at the confluence of the Cap Rouge and St. Lawrence rivers. While the colonists and craftsmen built the forts, Cartier decided to sail toward Hochelaga. When he returned, a bloody battle had broken out with the Iroquoian people at Stadacona.

He had filled a dozen barrels with what he believed were precious stones and metal. At a stop in St. Refusing to obey, Cartier sailed toward France under the cover of darkness. The stones and metal that he brought back turned out to be worthless and Cartier was never reimbursed by the king for the money he had borrowed from the Breton merchants. Two Indigenous peoples Cartier had captured previously now served as guides, and he and his men navigated the St.

Lawrence, as far as Quebec, and established a base. In September, Cartier sailed to what would become Montreal and was welcomed by the Iroquois who controlled the area, hearing from them that there were other rivers that led farther west, where gold, silver, copper and spices could be found.

Before they could continue, though, the harsh winter blew in, rapids made the river impassable, and Cartier and his men managed to anger the Iroquois. So Cartier waited until spring when the river was free of ice and captured some of the Iroquois chiefs before again returning to France.

Because of his hasty escape, Cartier was only able to report to the king that untold riches lay farther west and that a great river, said to be about 2, miles long, possibly led to Asia. In May , Cartier departed on his third voyage with five ships. He had by now abandoned the idea of finding a passage to the Orient and was sent to establish a permanent settlement along the St. Lawrence River on behalf of France. A group of colonists was a few months behind him this time. Cartier set up camp again near Quebec, and they found an abundance of what they thought were gold and diamonds.

In the spring, not waiting for the colonists to arrive, Cartier abandoned the base and sailed for France. En route, he stopped at Newfoundland, where he encountered the colonists, whose leader ordered Cartier back to Quebec.